Strategic planning and thorough preparation for advanced airway management in patients with complex maxillofacial injuries are essential, but basic airway skills remain fundamental. This second part of a two-part tutorial provides a detailed overview of essential airway management techniques.

Maxillofacial injuries present unique challenges in anaesthetic airway management. This tutorial, the first of a two-part series, provides practical guidance on the causes and incidence of maxillofacial trauma, relevant anatomy, associated pathophysiology, and a thorough airway assessment.

This tutorial covers the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage using uterotonics and tranexamic acid focusing on dosing, timing, efficacy and side effects to guide clinical practice.

Burn injuries affect millions of individuals each year, carry significant morbidity and mortality and disproportionately occur in lower socioeconomic populations. Anaesthetic and resuscitative strategies need to be adapted specifically for this patient population due to airway dangers, haemodynamic perturbations, direct...

Critical anesthetic agents encompass a spectrum of unexpected occurrences. A vast majority of critical events happen due to human factors. The significance of non-technical skills for preventing and managing crisis situations needs more emphasis and appropriate training of anesthesiologists.

This tutorial aims to provide insight into difficult airway scenarios that extent beyond an anatomically difficult airway as described in difficult airway algorithms. The “Physiological Difficult Airway” is a reality that is common in intensive care, anaesthesiology, and emergency medicine.

An overview of the pathophysiology of drowning in warm and cold water and the treatment and prognosis of drowning victims.

This tutorial focuses on this rare but life-threatening complication of thyrotoxicosis, providing a stepwise approach to supportive and pharmacological management, and providing guidance on the optimisation of patients in the perioperative period.

Traumatic spinal cord injuries can be devastating. Unfortunately we have little ability to treat the primary injury however as anaesthetists, we have a vital role in minimising secondary injury and maximising potential recovery. This tutorial explores the epidemiology and management...

An overview of the use of high flow nasal oxygen therapy in anaesthesia and critical care. The article covers the mechanism of high flow oxygen and its physiological benefits. Some proposed uses of high flow nasal oxygen are described including...

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to place unprecedented demands on healthcare systems across the globe our understanding of how best to care for these patients continues to evolve and presents many fresh challenges. Here we present a systems-based, practical guide...

ARDS is a syndrome of hypoxaemic respiratory failure associated with non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema which occurs in 10% of ICU patients. ARDS is often associated with multiple organ dysfunction and carries a high mortality, morbidity and financial cost. It may be...

This tutorial provides a review of the common causes of acute airway obstruction in children. It also discusses how children may be assessed and managed in this emergency situation.

There can be few more challenging scenarios for non-paediatric intensive care teams than the initial management and stabilisation of a sick neonate. This article is part 2 of the tutorial series and expands on the specific management of each of...

There can be few more challenging scenarios for non-paediatric intensive care teams than the initial management and stabilisation of a sick neonate. The 2 articles in this series will provide practical advice for doctors and nurses from adult critical care,...

An airway fire can be defined as a fire that occurs within a patient’s airway or that which involves an in-situ airway device or contiguous breathing circuit. Though uncommon event since the discontinuation of older more flammable anaesthetic agents, they...

Heat stroke is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Rapid cooling and resuscitative treatments are the mainstays of treatment. This tutorial discusses the diagnosis, risk factors and the different cooling methods that are used in the management of...

Air embolism is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In this tutorial, we discuss the role of an anaesthetist in the prevention, monitoring and management of air embolism during the perioperative period.

This article outlines the management of the obstructed airway, including diagnosis, different airway management options and key lessons learnt from the 4th UK National audit project of major airway complications (NAP 4).